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File Content: `Cookies.pm`

package HTTP::Cookies;

use strict;
use HTTP::Date qw(str2time parse_date time2str);
use HTTP::Headers::Util qw(_split_header_words join_header_words);

use vars qw($EPOCH_OFFSET);
our $VERSION = '6.04';

# Legacy: because "use "HTTP::Cookies" used be the ONLY way
#  to load the class HTTP::Cookies::Netscape.
require HTTP::Cookies::Netscape;

$EPOCH_OFFSET = 0;  # difference from Unix epoch
if ($^O eq "MacOS") {
    require Time::Local;
    $EPOCH_OFFSET = Time::Local::timelocal(0,0,0,1,0,70);
}

# A HTTP::Cookies object is a hash.  The main attribute is the
# COOKIES 3 level hash:  $self->{COOKIES}{$domain}{$path}{$key}.

sub new
{
    my $class = shift;
    my $self = bless {
	COOKIES => {},
    }, $class;
    my %cnf = @_;
    for (keys %cnf) {
	$self->{lc($_)} = $cnf{$_};
    }
    $self->load;
    $self;
}


sub add_cookie_header
{
    my $self = shift;
    my $request = shift || return;
    my $url = $request->uri;
    my $scheme = $url->scheme;
    unless ($scheme =~ /^https?\z/) {
	return;
    }

    my $domain = _host($request, $url);
    $domain = "$domain.local" unless $domain =~ /\./;
    my $secure_request = ($scheme eq "https");
    my $req_path = _url_path($url);
    my $req_port = $url->port;
    my $now = time();
    _normalize_path($req_path) if $req_path =~ /%/;

    my @cval;    # cookie values for the "Cookie" header
    my $set_ver;
    my $netscape_only = 0; # An exact domain match applies to any cookie

    while ($domain =~ /\./) {
        # Checking $domain for cookies"
	my $cookies = $self->{COOKIES}{$domain};
	next unless $cookies;
	if ($self->{delayload} && defined($cookies->{'//+delayload'})) {
	    my $cookie_data = $cookies->{'//+delayload'}{'cookie'};
	    delete $self->{COOKIES}{$domain};
	    $self->load_cookie($cookie_data->[1]);
	    $cookies = $self->{COOKIES}{$domain};
	    next unless $cookies;  # should not really happen
	}

	# Want to add cookies corresponding to the most specific paths
	# first (i.e. longest path first)
	my $path;
	for $path (sort {length($b) <=> length($a) } keys %$cookies) {
	    if (index($req_path, $path) != 0) {
		next;
	    }

	    my($key,$array);
	    while (($key,$array) = each %{$cookies->{$path}}) {
		my($version,$val,$port,$path_spec,$secure,$expires) = @$array;
		if ($secure && !$secure_request) {
		    next;
		}
		if ($expires && $expires < $now) {
		    next;
		}
		if ($port) {
		    my $found;
		    if ($port =~ s/^_//) {
			# The corresponding Set-Cookie attribute was empty
			$found++ if $port eq $req_port;
			$port = "";
		    }
		    else {
			my $p;
			for $p (split(/,/, $port)) {
			    $found++, last if $p eq $req_port;
			}
		    }
		    unless ($found) {
			next;
		    }
		}
		if ($version > 0 && $netscape_only) {
		    next;
		}

		# set version number of cookie header.
	        # XXX: What should it be if multiple matching
                #      Set-Cookie headers have different versions themselves
		if (!$set_ver++) {
		    if ($version >= 1) {
			push(@cval, "\$Version=$version");
		    }
		    elsif (!$self->{hide_cookie2}) {
			$request->header(Cookie2 => '$Version="1"');
		    }
		}

		# do we need to quote the value
		if ($val =~ /\W/ && $version) {
		    $val =~ s/([\\\"])/\\$1/g;
		    $val = qq("$val");
		}

		# and finally remember this cookie
		push(@cval, "$key=$val");
		if ($version >= 1) {
		    push(@cval, qq(\$Path="$path"))     if $path_spec;
		    push(@cval, qq(\$Domain="$domain")) if $domain =~ /^\./;
		    if (defined $port) {
			my $p = '$Port';
			$p .= qq(="$port") if length $port;
			push(@cval, $p);
		    }
		}

	    }
        }

    } continue {
	# Try with a more general domain, alternately stripping
	# leading name components and leading dots.  When this
	# results in a domain with no leading dot, it is for
	# Netscape cookie compatibility only:
	#
	# a.b.c.net	Any cookie
	# .b.c.net	Any cookie
	# b.c.net	Netscape cookie only
	# .c.net	Any cookie

	if ($domain =~ s/^\.+//) {
	    $netscape_only = 1;
	}
	else {
	    $domain =~ s/[^.]*//;
	    $netscape_only = 0;
	}
    }

    if (@cval) {
	if (my $old = $request->header("Cookie")) {
	    unshift(@cval, $old);
	}
	$request->header(Cookie => join("; ", @cval));
	if (my $hash = $request->{_http_cookies}) {
	    %$hash = (map split(/=/, $_, 2), @cval);
	}
    }

    $request;
}


sub get_cookies
{
    my $self = shift;
    my $url = shift;
    $url = "https://$url" unless $url =~ m,^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9.+\-]*:,;
    require HTTP::Request;
    my $req = HTTP::Request->new(GET => $url);
    my $cookies = $req->{_http_cookies} = {};
    $self->add_cookie_header($req);
    if (@_) {
	return map $cookies->{$_}, @_ if wantarray;
	return $cookies->{$_[0]};
    }
    return $cookies;
}


sub extract_cookies
{
    my $self = shift;
    my $response = shift || return;

    my @set = _split_header_words($response->_header("Set-Cookie2"));
    my @ns_set = $response->_header("Set-Cookie");

    return $response unless @set || @ns_set;  # quick exit

    my $request = $response->request;
    my $url = $request->uri;
    my $req_host = _host($request, $url);
    $req_host = "$req_host.local" unless $req_host =~ /\./;
    my $req_port = $url->port;
    my $req_path = _url_path($url);
    _normalize_path($req_path) if $req_path =~ /%/;

    if (@ns_set) {
	# The old Netscape cookie format for Set-Cookie
	# http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html
	# can for instance contain an unquoted "," in the expires
	# field, so we have to use this ad-hoc parser.
	my $now = time();

	# Build a hash of cookies that was present in Set-Cookie2
	# headers.  We need to skip them if we also find them in a
	# Set-Cookie header.
	my %in_set2;
	for (@set) {
	    $in_set2{$_->[0]}++;
	}

	my $set;
	for $set (@ns_set) {
            $set =~ s/^\s+//;
	    my @cur;
	    my $param;
	    my $expires;
	    my $first_param = 1;
	    for $param (split(/;\s*/, $set)) {
                next unless length($param);
		my($k,$v) = split(/\s*=\s*/, $param, 2);
		if (defined $v) {
		    $v =~ s/\s+$//;
		    #print "$k => $v\n";
		}
		else {
		    $k =~ s/\s+$//;
		    #print "$k => undef";
		}
		if (!$first_param && lc($k) eq "expires") {
		    my $etime = str2time($v);
		    if (defined $etime) {
			push(@cur, "Max-Age" => $etime - $now);
			$expires++;
		    }
		    else {
			# parse_date can deal with years outside the range of time_t,
			my($year, $mon, $day, $hour, $min, $sec, $tz) = parse_date($v);
			if ($year) {
			    my $thisyear = (gmtime)[5] + 1900;
			    if ($year < $thisyear) {
				push(@cur, "Max-Age" => -1);  # any negative value will do
				$expires++;
			    }
			    elsif ($year >= $thisyear + 10) {
				# the date is at least 10 years into the future, just replace
				# it with something approximate
				push(@cur, "Max-Age" => 10 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60);
				$expires++;
			    }
			}
		    }
		}
                elsif (!$first_param && lc($k) =~ /^(?:version|discard|ns-cookie)/) {
                    # ignore
                }
		else {
		    push(@cur, $k => $v);
		}
		$first_param = 0;
	    }
            next unless @cur;
	    next if $in_set2{$cur[0]};

#	    push(@cur, "Port" => $req_port);
	    push(@cur, "Discard" => undef) unless $expires;
	    push(@cur, "Version" => 0);
	    push(@cur, "ns-cookie" => 1);
	    push(@set, \@cur);
	}
    }

  SET_COOKIE:
    for my $set (@set) {
	next unless @$set >= 2;

	my $key = shift @$set;
	my $val = shift @$set;

	my %hash;
	while (@$set) {
	    my $k = shift @$set;
	    my $v = shift @$set;
	    my $lc = lc($k);
	    # don't loose case distinction for unknown fields
	    $k = $lc if $lc =~ /^(?:discard|domain|max-age|
                                    path|port|secure|version)$/x;
	    if ($k eq "discard" || $k eq "secure") {
		$v = 1 unless defined $v;
	    }
	    next if exists $hash{$k};  # only first value is significant
	    $hash{$k} = $v;
	};

	my %orig_hash = %hash;
	my $version   = delete $hash{version};
	$version = 1 unless defined($version);
	my $discard   = delete $hash{discard};
	my $secure    = delete $hash{secure};
	my $maxage    = delete $hash{'max-age'};
	my $ns_cookie = delete $hash{'ns-cookie'};

	# Check domain
	my $domain  = delete $hash{domain};
	$domain = lc($domain) if defined $domain;
	if (defined($domain)
	    && $domain ne $req_host && $domain ne ".$req_host") {
	    if ($domain !~ /\./ && $domain ne "local") {
		next SET_COOKIE;
	    }
	    $domain = ".$domain" unless $domain =~ /^\./;
	    if ($domain =~ /\.\d+$/) {
		next SET_COOKIE;
	    }
	    my $len = length($domain);
	    unless (substr($req_host, -$len) eq $domain) {
		next SET_COOKIE;
	    }
	    my $hostpre = substr($req_host, 0, length($req_host) - $len);
	    if ($hostpre =~ /\./ && !$ns_cookie) {
		next SET_COOKIE;
	    }
	}
	else {
	    $domain = $req_host;
	}

	my $path = delete $hash{path};
	my $path_spec;
	if (defined $path && $path ne '') {
	    $path_spec++;
	    _normalize_path($path) if $path =~ /%/;
	    if (!$ns_cookie &&
                substr($req_path, 0, length($path)) ne $path) {
		next SET_COOKIE;
	    }
	}
	else {
	    $path = $req_path;
	    $path =~ s,/[^/]*$,,;
	    $path = "/" unless length($path);
	}

	my $port;
	if (exists $hash{port}) {
	    $port = delete $hash{port};
	    if (defined $port) {
		$port =~ s/\s+//g;
		my $found;
		for my $p (split(/,/, $port)) {
		    unless ($p =~ /^\d+$/) {
			next SET_COOKIE;
		    }
		    $found++ if $p eq $req_port;
		}
		unless ($found) {
		    next SET_COOKIE;
		}
	    }
	    else {
		$port = "_$req_port";
	    }
	}
	$self->set_cookie($version,$key,$val,$path,$domain,$port,$path_spec,$secure,$maxage,$discard, \%hash)
	    if $self->set_cookie_ok(\%orig_hash);
    }

    $response;
}

sub set_cookie_ok
{
    1;
}


sub set_cookie
{
    my $self = shift;
    my($version,
       $key, $val, $path, $domain, $port,
       $path_spec, $secure, $maxage, $discard, $rest) = @_;

    # path and key can not be empty (key can't start with '$')
    return $self if !defined($path) || $path !~ m,^/, ||
	            !defined($key)  || $key  =~ m,^\$,;

    # ensure legal port
    if (defined $port) {
	return $self unless $port =~ /^_?\d+(?:,\d+)*$/;
    }

    my $expires;
    if (defined $maxage) {
	if ($maxage <= 0) {
	    delete $self->{COOKIES}{$domain}{$path}{$key};
	    return $self;
	}
	$expires = time() + $maxage;
    }
    $version = 0 unless defined $version;

    my @array = ($version, $val,$port,
		 $path_spec,
		 $secure, $expires, $discard);
    push(@array, {%$rest}) if defined($rest) && %$rest;
    # trim off undefined values at end
    pop(@array) while !defined $array[-1];

    $self->{COOKIES}{$domain}{$path}{$key} = \@array;
    $self;
}


sub save
{
    my $self = shift;
    my $file = shift || $self->{'file'} || return;
    open(my $fh, '>', $file) or die "Can't open $file: $!";
    print {$fh} "#LWP-Cookies-1.0\n";
    print {$fh} $self->as_string(!$self->{ignore_discard});
    1;
}


sub load
{
    my $self = shift;
    my $file = shift || $self->{'file'} || return;

    local $/ = "\n";  # make sure we got standard record separator
    open(my $fh, '<', $file) or return;

    # check that we have the proper header
    my $magic = <$fh>;
    chomp $magic;
    unless ($magic =~ /^#LWP-Cookies-\d+\.\d+/) {
        warn "$file does not seem to contain cookies";
        return;
    }

    # go through the file
    while (my $line = <$fh>) {
        chomp $line;
        next unless $line =~ s/^Set-Cookie3:\s*//;
        my $cookie;
        for $cookie (_split_header_words($line)) {
            my($key,$val) = splice(@$cookie, 0, 2);
            my %hash;
            while (@$cookie) {
                my $k = shift @$cookie;
                my $v = shift @$cookie;
                $hash{$k} = $v;
            }
            my $version   = delete $hash{version};
            my $path      = delete $hash{path};
            my $domain    = delete $hash{domain};
            my $port      = delete $hash{port};
            my $expires   = str2time(delete $hash{expires});

            my $path_spec = exists $hash{path_spec}; delete $hash{path_spec};
            my $secure    = exists $hash{secure};    delete $hash{secure};
            my $discard   = exists $hash{discard};   delete $hash{discard};

            my @array = ($version, $val, $port, $path_spec, $secure, $expires,
                $discard);
            push(@array, \%hash) if %hash;
            $self->{COOKIES}{$domain}{$path}{$key} = \@array;
        }
    }
    1;
}


sub revert
{
    my $self = shift;
    $self->clear->load;
    $self;
}


sub clear
{
    my $self = shift;
    if (@_ == 0) {
	$self->{COOKIES} = {};
    }
    elsif (@_ == 1) {
	delete $self->{COOKIES}{$_[0]};
    }
    elsif (@_ == 2) {
	delete $self->{COOKIES}{$_[0]}{$_[1]};
    }
    elsif (@_ == 3) {
	delete $self->{COOKIES}{$_[0]}{$_[1]}{$_[2]};
    }
    else {
	require Carp;
        Carp::carp('Usage: $c->clear([domain [,path [,key]]])');
    }
    $self;
}


sub clear_temporary_cookies
{
    my($self) = @_;

    $self->scan(sub {
        if($_[9] or        # "Discard" flag set
           not $_[8]) {    # No expire field?
            $_[8] = -1;            # Set the expire/max_age field
            $self->set_cookie(@_); # Clear the cookie
        }
      });
}


sub DESTROY
{
    my $self = shift;
    local($., $@, $!, $^E, $?);
    $self->save if $self->{'autosave'};
}


sub scan
{
    my($self, $cb) = @_;
    my($domain,$path,$key);
    for $domain (sort keys %{$self->{COOKIES}}) {
	for $path (sort keys %{$self->{COOKIES}{$domain}}) {
	    for $key (sort keys %{$self->{COOKIES}{$domain}{$path}}) {
		my($version,$val,$port,$path_spec,
		   $secure,$expires,$discard,$rest) =
		       @{$self->{COOKIES}{$domain}{$path}{$key}};
		$rest = {} unless defined($rest);
		&$cb($version,$key,$val,$path,$domain,$port,
		     $path_spec,$secure,$expires,$discard,$rest);
	    }
	}
    }
}


sub as_string
{
    my($self, $skip_discard) = @_;
    my @res;
    $self->scan(sub {
	my($version,$key,$val,$path,$domain,$port,
	   $path_spec,$secure,$expires,$discard,$rest) = @_;
	return if $discard && $skip_discard;
	my @h = ($key, $val);
	push(@h, "path", $path);
	push(@h, "domain" => $domain);
	push(@h, "port" => $port) if defined $port;
	push(@h, "path_spec" => undef) if $path_spec;
	push(@h, "secure" => undef) if $secure;
	push(@h, "expires" => HTTP::Date::time2isoz($expires)) if $expires;
	push(@h, "discard" => undef) if $discard;
	my $k;
	for $k (sort keys %$rest) {
	    push(@h, $k, $rest->{$k});
	}
	push(@h, "version" => $version);
	push(@res, "Set-Cookie3: " . join_header_words(\@h));
    });
    join("\n", @res, "");
}

sub _host
{
    my($request, $url) = @_;
    if (my $h = $request->header("Host")) {
	$h =~ s/:\d+$//;  # might have a port as well
	return lc($h);
    }
    return lc($url->host);
}

sub _url_path
{
    my $url = shift;
    my $path;
    if($url->can('epath')) {
       $path = $url->epath;    # URI::URL method
    }
    else {
       $path = $url->path;           # URI::_generic method
    }
    $path = "/" unless length $path;
    $path;
}

sub _normalize_path  # so that plain string compare can be used
{
    my $x;
    $_[0] =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/
	         $x = uc($1);
                 $x eq "2F" || $x eq "25" ? "%$x" :
                                            pack("C", hex($x));
              /eg;
    $_[0] =~ s/([\0-\x20\x7f-\xff])/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
}

1;

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

HTTP::Cookies - HTTP cookie jars

=head1 VERSION

version 6.04

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use HTTP::Cookies;
  $cookie_jar = HTTP::Cookies->new(
    file => "$ENV{'HOME'}/lwp_cookies.dat",
    autosave => 1,
  );

  use LWP;
  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent->new;
  $browser->cookie_jar($cookie_jar);

Or for an empty and temporary cookie jar:

  use LWP;
  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent->new;
  $browser->cookie_jar( {} );

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This class is for objects that represent a "cookie jar" -- that is, a
database of all the HTTP cookies that a given LWP::UserAgent object
knows about.

Cookies are a general mechanism which server side connections can use
to both store and retrieve information on the client side of the
connection.  For more information about cookies refer to
<URL:http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html> and
<URL:http://www.cookiecentral.com/>.  This module also implements the
new style cookies described in L<RFC 2965|https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2965>.
The two variants of cookies are supposed to be able to coexist happily.

Instances of the class I<HTTP::Cookies> are able to store a collection
of Set-Cookie2: and Set-Cookie: headers and are able to use this
information to initialize Cookie-headers in I<HTTP::Request> objects.
The state of a I<HTTP::Cookies> object can be saved in and restored from
files.

=head1 LIMITATIONS

This module does not support L<< Public Suffix|https://publicsuffix.org/
>> encouraged by a more recent standard, L<< RFC
6265|https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265 >>.

This module's shortcomings mean that a malicious Web site can set
cookies to track your user agent across all sites under a top level
domain.  See F<< t/publicsuffix.t >> in this module's distribution for
details.

L<< HTTP::CookieJar::LWP >> supports Public Suffix, but only provides a
limited subset of this module's functionality and L<< does not
support|HTTP::CookieJar/LIMITATIONS-AND-CAVEATS >> standards older than
I<RFC 6265>.

=head1 METHODS

The following methods are provided:

=over 4

=item $cookie_jar = HTTP::Cookies->new

The constructor takes hash style parameters.  The following
parameters are recognized:

  file:            name of the file to restore cookies from and save cookies to
  autosave:        save during destruction (bool)
  ignore_discard:  save even cookies that are requested to be discarded (bool)
  hide_cookie2:    do not add Cookie2 header to requests

Future parameters might include (not yet implemented):

  max_cookies               300
  max_cookies_per_domain    20
  max_cookie_size           4096

  no_cookies   list of domain names that we never return cookies to

=item $cookie_jar->get_cookies( $url_or_domain )

=item $cookie_jar->get_cookies( $url_or_domain, $cookie_key,... )

Returns a hash of the cookies that applies to the given URL. If a
domainname is given as argument, then a prefix of "https://" is assumed.

If one or more $cookie_key parameters are provided return the given values,
or C<undef> if the cookie isn't available.

=item $cookie_jar->add_cookie_header( $request )

The add_cookie_header() method will set the appropriate Cookie:-header
for the I<HTTP::Request> object given as argument.  The $request must
have a valid url attribute before this method is called.

=item $cookie_jar->extract_cookies( $response )

The extract_cookies() method will look for Set-Cookie: and
Set-Cookie2: headers in the I<HTTP::Response> object passed as
argument.  Any of these headers that are found are used to update
the state of the $cookie_jar.

=item $cookie_jar->set_cookie( $version, $key, $val, $path, $domain, $port, $path_spec, $secure, $maxage, $discard, \%rest )

The set_cookie() method updates the state of the $cookie_jar.  The
$key, $val, $domain, $port and $path arguments are strings.  The
$path_spec, $secure, $discard arguments are boolean values. The $maxage
value is a number indicating number of seconds that this cookie will
live.  A value of $maxage <= 0 will delete this cookie.  %rest defines
various other attributes like "Comment" and "CommentURL".

=item $cookie_jar->save

=item $cookie_jar->save( $file )

This method file saves the state of the $cookie_jar to a file.
The state can then be restored later using the load() method.  If a
filename is not specified we will use the name specified during
construction.  If the attribute I<ignore_discard> is set, then we
will even save cookies that are marked to be discarded.

The default is to save a sequence of "Set-Cookie3" lines.
"Set-Cookie3" is a proprietary LWP format, not known to be compatible
with any browser.  The I<HTTP::Cookies::Netscape> sub-class can
be used to save in a format compatible with Netscape.

=item $cookie_jar->load

=item $cookie_jar->load( $file )

This method reads the cookies from the file and adds them to the
$cookie_jar.  The file must be in the format written by the save()
method.

=item $cookie_jar->revert

This method empties the $cookie_jar and re-loads the $cookie_jar
from the last save file.

=item $cookie_jar->clear

=item $cookie_jar->clear( $domain )

=item $cookie_jar->clear( $domain, $path )

=item $cookie_jar->clear( $domain, $path, $key )

Invoking this method without arguments will empty the whole
$cookie_jar.  If given a single argument only cookies belonging to
that domain will be removed.  If given two arguments, cookies
belonging to the specified path within that domain are removed.  If
given three arguments, then the cookie with the specified key, path
and domain is removed.

=item $cookie_jar->clear_temporary_cookies

Discard all temporary cookies. Scans for all cookies in the jar
with either no expire field or a true C<discard> flag. To be
called when the user agent shuts down according to RFC 2965.

=item $cookie_jar->scan( \&callback )

The argument is a subroutine that will be invoked for each cookie
stored in the $cookie_jar.  The subroutine will be invoked with
the following arguments:

  0  version
  1  key
  2  val
  3  path
  4  domain
  5  port
  6  path_spec
  7  secure
  8  expires
  9  discard
 10  hash

=item $cookie_jar->as_string

=item $cookie_jar->as_string( $skip_discardables )

The as_string() method will return the state of the $cookie_jar
represented as a sequence of "Set-Cookie3" header lines separated by
"\n".  If $skip_discardables is TRUE, it will not return lines for
cookies with the I<Discard> attribute.

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<HTTP::Cookies::Netscape>, L<HTTP::Cookies::Microsoft>

=head1 AUTHOR

Gisle Aas <gisle@activestate.com>

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2002-2017 by Gisle Aas.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut

__END__
#ABSTRACT: HTTP cookie jars
Name	Size	Permission
Cookies	---	0755
Headers	---	0755
Request	---	0755
Config.pm	11664 bytes	0644
Cookies.pm	22262 bytes	0644
Date.pm	10751 bytes	0644
Headers.pm	25093 bytes	0644
Message.pm	30731 bytes	0644
Negotiate.pm	16100 bytes	0644
Request.pm	8748 bytes	0644
Response.pm	16931 bytes	0644
Status.pm	12480 bytes	0644
Tiny.pm	77891 bytes	0644
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